La négation, selon Karen Pryor

En Anglais, dsl:

"Reprimands are a necessary part of existence. Using positive reinforcement as your main teaching tool does not mean you cannot use "No!" when you need to, for example when the baby pokes at the wall outlet. However, some trainers use this real-life circumstance to justify their own general and abundant use of "correction" in instruction. In doing so they make two mistakes. First, they view correction as if it were

equivalent in value to positive reinforcement, without taking into account the other effects it has on the learner (see "Punishment," Chapter 4); and second, they use those reprimands and punishers without establishing a warning signal, or conditioned aversive stimulus. The trick to making "No!" effective is to establish it as a conditioned negative reinforcer. For example, anyone who feels it necessary to use a choke chain on a dog should always say "no" as the dog does the wrong thing, and then pause before yanking on the chain, giving the dog a chance to avoid the aversive by

changing its behavior. To just yank on the chain without a warning turns the yank into a simple punishment, with no predictable effect on future behavior and a potential cumulative effect on the dog's willingness to work at all. A third popular error, continuing to yank while the dog is back in position, simply punishes both

behaviors. Failing to use a conditioned negative reinforcer increases the number of actual aversives that take place in correction-based training. It also slows up the learning. Conventional dog and horse trainers sometimes take far longer than reinforcement trainers—months and even years longer—to establish reliable behaviors, not just because they rely on punishment, which stops behavior rather than starting it, but also because they employ aversives without using a conditioned negative reinfocers".

Ça, c'est de Karen Pryor, une sinon la pionnière des méthodes d'éducation par renforcement positif.

Ces gens ont créé un monstre, dont ils ont perdu le contrôle. C'est aussi simple que ça.